Cover art by Laurent Allard
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1776

  • Issue 62
  • Summer 2026

As in the 18th century the American war of independence sounded the tocsin for the European middle class, so in the 19th century the American Civil War sounded it for the European working class.

— Karl Marx, preface to the first German edition of Capital, Volume I (1867)

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Feature

Ed Simon

Did the World Turn Upside Down?

For generations, historians have downplayed the American Revolution as a squabble between elites. But the revolution unleashed egalitarian forces its architects could neither control nor contain.