Reflecting on his pathbreaking history of Algeria’s National Liberation Front (FLN), first published in 1980, the Marxist historian and Algerian militant Mohammed Harbi wrote that his main goal had been to “avoid any confusion between the historical specificity of Algerian society and that of global capitalism.”

At the same time, he explained, the book, which was provocatively titled The FLN: Mirage and Reality, aimed to deconstruct the myths associated with the revolutionary force that won independence for Algeria after 132 years of French colonialism. These two goals — adopting a Marxist methodology that took seriously the specific social formation of Algerian society and rejecting a hegemonic reading of Algerian nationalism — were inseparable for Harbi, who passed away in Paris last month on the first day of January.

In his long career, Harbi always insisted that one could not understand Algerian history and its process of decolonization by simply applying forms of class analysis that were based on European experiences. Yet he also rejected essentialist understandings of ideology or culture. Through this double refusal, he offered us an invaluable set of tools with which to understand the past. Harbi’s writings also illustrated a model of internationalism that refused to accept the authoritarian nature of specific nationalist projects, even if these projects were based on anti-imperialist principles.