Macron’s Attack on Workers
The first weeks of Emmanuel Macron’s labor reforms have brought a wave of layoffs across France.

French President Emmanuel Macron speaks at a press conference on June 29, 2017 in Berlin. (Michele Tantussi / Getty Images)
It’s been a rough start to the new year for the French job market. On January 9, Groupe PSA, Europe’s second largest automaker, announced plans to cut 2,200 jobs across the country. Shortly thereafter, Carrefour announced it would be slashing 2,400 posts while clothing retailer Pimkie aims to eliminate 200. The announcements are a reminder that President Emmanuel Macron just completed the most sweeping labor law reforms in a generation.
After the union-backed protest movement fizzled out last fall, employers have begun to take advantage of the new rules: PSA secured more than half its job cuts through a measure that loosens legal restrictions on layoffs, and Pimkie aims to follow suit. On a smaller scale, newspaper Le Figaro aims to cut more than forty posts under the new buyout procedure. The cuts are especially striking at Paris-based Groupe PSA, which makes Peugeot and Citroën cars and just purchased Opel from General Motors last year for €2.2 billion. 2017 saw record sales for the company for the fourth straight year as well as historically high profit margins. As a disgruntled PSA metalworker in suburban Paris told Le Monde, “the better things are, the more they cut staff.”
Labor in Retreat
Labor reform has been a key achievement of Macron’s first year, succeeding where a string of predecessors failed. The new president had the advantage of a super majority in the National Assembly but nevertheless chose to pursue the reforms by executive order, thereby curtailing parliamentary debate and the possibility of unwelcome amendments. These circumstances all but required any successful opposition to come from the streets. Only massive disruption would have forced the government to relent.