The Wealth Gap Health Crisis

Pointing to a broader trend of food insecurity among scurvy patients, the 2024 US survey found that more than half also suffered from vitamin D deficiency, which is attributable in part to a lack of protein-rich foods, including egg yolks, mushrooms, and certain types of fish. Another key source of vitamin D is sunlight, which people who work multiple jobs to pay their bills are naturally less likely to receive.

The problems resulting from food insecurity are not limited to scurvy. Dr Andrew Boozary, a primary care physician at the University of Toronto’s Dalla Lana School of Public Health, told the CBC that food insecurity is a risk factor for many chronic illnesses, including cardiovascular disease and mental health issues.

“There is a real continuum of serious health conditions that food insecurity really exacerbates,” Boozary said in an interview with the public broadcaster.

Statistics Canada data released in May 2024 shows that food insecurity, which ranges from compromising on food quality to reducing food consumption to save money, is on the rise. In 2021, 12.9% of Canadian households were identified as food insecure. By 2022, a year when only 9.9% of Canadians were identified as living in poverty, that figure was 16.9%, meaning food insecurity is increasingly a middle-class problem.

A separate StatsCan report found that economic inequality in Canada has reached its highest recorded level. The top 20% of Canadians, earning an average of $2.47 million USD per household, own two-thirds of the country’s wealth. Meanwhile, the bottom 40% of Canadians collectively own just 2.8% of Canada’s wealth.

When asked about this by a CBC reporter, Finance Minister Chrystia Freeland acknowledged a “tendency in the global economy towards more inequality,” but vowed to stay the course “with very specific policies designed to support middle-class Canadians and people working hard to join the middle class.”

Income Inequality Kills

Freeland, who was a journalist before she entered politics, wrote the 2012 book Plutocrats: The Rise of the New Global Super-Rich and the Fall of Everyone Else. The volume contained surprisingly positive assessments of the superrich alongside a tepid ask for them to pay slightly more in income taxes to reduce inequality. Evidently, this approach hasn’t worked.

While the Liberals initially reduced poverty from 14.5% in 2015 to 6.4% in 2020, that number crept back up during the COVID-19 pandemic. And merely being above the poverty line now offers little relief, as food and housing prices continue to soar.

The average life expectancy in Canada’s largest city, Toronto, where Freeland’s electoral district is located, is 80.9 years. However, analysis by Tai Huynh in The Local, a Toronto-based publication, reveals stark disparities in life expectancy depending on neighborhood, often correlated to income.

In affluent neighborhoods, like Bridle Path (home to rapper Drake’s mansion), Bayview Village, and Willowdale, life expectancy exceeds 84 years, surpassing even Japan, the country with the highest life expectancy in the world.

“Meanwhile,” Huynh points out, “in less affluent parts of the city, such as Rexdale, Oakridge, and Moss Park, death comes more than a decade earlier — on par with countries like Tunisia and Nicaragua.” This trend is by no means unique to Toronto or even Canada. In 2015, researchers from Virginia Commonwealth University and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation found similar life expectancy disparities across neighborhoods in New York, Chicago, Atlanta, and Richmond, Virginia.

Poverty Kills More Than Tobacco

A study published in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine analyzed data from 86,000 participants aged 40 to 79 recruited across 12 southeastern US states between 2002 and 2009. By the time the researchers conducted their analysis from February 2022 to January 2023, 19,749 of those participants had died.

The report, published in May 2024, revealed that participants earning less than $15,000 a year were 3.3 times more likely to have died than those who earned more than $50,000 a year. The study also found that life expectancy among the low-income group was shorter by an average of a decade.

“Tobacco smoking is the leading cause of death in the US. However, we found that in this low-income population excess risk of death due to poverty is greater in magnitude than tobacco smoking,” said epidemiologist Dr Wei Zheng, one of the study’s authors.

The study found that poor people who, despite their constraints, lived a healthy lifestyle were less likely to die than rich people who were unhealthy. However, it ultimately concluded that “efforts to improve income equality are crucial in reducing mortality and health disparities among low-income Americans.”

While biological and behavioral factors contribute to death, poverty is its great accelerant. People can’t be expected to make healthy lifestyle choices that will prolong their time on Earth when they’re forced to choose between food and rent.

Instead of offering milquetoast fixes while the rich continue to grow richer — an approach favored by the Democrats in the United States, Labour in the UK, and the Liberals in Canada — left-wing parties and leaders must confront the reality that economic inequality is quite literally killing us.

Once the scale of the problem is acknowledged, there can be democratic deliberation about how to approach solving it. Otherwise, there’s a very real risk of empowering right-wing demagogues who recognize and acknowledge that the system is broken but will only implement “solutions” that will make the crisis worse.